The correct answer is - True.
Chaparral is a shrubland or heathland plant community that is found primarily in the state of California in the United States and in Baja California in the northwestern part of Mexico. These shrublands or heathlands are build by the Mediterranean climate and also by wildfires. They are highly adapted, and are able to withstand very high temperatures and droughts during the summer. The chaparral is evergreen, which is also from what it gets its name, ''evergreen oak shrubland'' if translated from Spanish language.
Tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Basin are most numerous during late summer and early autumn because that is the time of year when the two most important ingredients needed for their formation — warm ocean waters (80 degrees or higher) and weak vertical wind shear (little change in wind direction and/or speed with )
D. crust and upper mantle
because it is the two uppermost layers that moves the plates to create earthquakes, landslides, etc.
A is wrong because there is another layer in between the two called the upper mantle.
B and C is wrong because they do not contain the crust, the outermost layer of the earth.
