Answer:
d. multiple firms would likely each have to pay large fixed costs to develop their own network of pipes.
Explanation:
Option a is wrong because:
The initial investment is very high, therefore, the more firms competing will only increase the required investments and fixed costs associated with them, e.g. depreciation, maintenance. That is why the lowest average costs is generally achieved when only one firm serves this type of market.
Option b is wrong because:
A natural monopoly exists because it is extremely difficult for two or more competing firms to exist. Generally the required investment is very high, and the revenues are not large enough to allow two or more firms to compete.
Option c is wrong because:
Utilities require large initial investments, but once they are set up, the production costs are very small. I.e. the fixed costs are more relevant than the variable costs. Average production costs as decrease as the quantity produced increases.
The most important claim about Karl Marx would be the theorizing that capitalists would try to get more work from people for less pay.
<h3 /><h3>Who was Karl Marx?</h3>
He was a German philosopher who developed the foundations of communism, a system that criticized capitalism and its doctrines. His most prominent theories are about the transition to communism, the class struggle, the Marxist theory of ideology and surplus value.
Therefore, the correct option for the question refers to surplus value, which was defined for Karl Marx as the difference between the value of the work produced by employees and their salary paid. For him, the surplus value is the work produced and not paid, being a condition of exploration of the capitalist system.
Find out more about Karl Marx here:
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GDP is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time.
Answer:
Answer for the question is mentioned in the attachment.
Explanation:
