A pen name is a name an author publishes a book under. It isn't their real name, it's only the name they go by when writing books.
Many female authors used male names to publish their books in time periods such as 1700s or 1800s, when women weren't thought of as smart and they didn't have rights. The male names were their pen names, used so that people would respect them.
<em>Examples in modern day (pen name --> real name):</em>
J.K. Rowling (Harry Potter) --> Joanne Kathleen Rowling
Lemony Snicket (Series of Unfortunate Events) --> Daniel Handler
Because Mia Hamm has been a role model for girls since she established herself as one of the greatest female athletes of all time.
It would be repetition. The repetition is at the end. ("the people")
The correct answer is The alligator slipped quietly into the water.
The first sentence does not agree since alligators should be a singular form, while the second and third are nonsensical because of lack of information.