The number of electrons in the outer shell determine its reactivity or tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms.
I go with Ice Core examples since early sociteties probably didn't have Written Records or maps, and tree rings would only tell if they were fossilized. I hope this helped :)
The answer would be E because boys inherit the Y chromosome from the dad which in this case would have the color blind trait. Girls don’t get the y from the father to get the color blind trait not be color blind because girls have 2 (X) chromosomes. Hope this helps