3- There were southern republicans (known as scalwag) who incorperated former dems, northern migraters (carpetbaggers) and freed black slaves (freedman), there was aslo the Democrats (most predominent) and indepentant party.
The second part exemplifies the idea that there are certain natural rights of all people that all people have by their birth and that these rights are self evident. According to them, a good government should protect those rights. This is followed by the grievances that are the third part.
The basic problem with in The South after The Civil War was that nobody was around to do it. The South rural place and it was hard to find workers after this time.