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Yuki888 [10]
3 years ago
8

What do translation and transcription work together to do? Explain the role each plays in the process.

Biology
2 answers:
andriy [413]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Protein Synthesis

In transcription, RNA is made from a DNA template. Code from DNA is converted into complementary RNA code and leaves the nucleus to go to the ribosome

In translation, code from mRNA is turned into amino acids in the ribosome, thereby forming a protein.

kolbaska11 [484]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

transcription is the synthesis of an mRNA molecule using a DNA molecule for a template. That mRNA molecule then goes on to complete translation in the ribosome. Translation is the process in which proteins are produced based on instructions carried by mRNA.

Explanation:

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8 0
3 years ago
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How many words can you make out of the letters in scientific method
rodikova [14]
The answer to this question is:

How many words can you make out of the letters in scientific method?
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Hoped This Helped, Kalmamori22
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5 0
3 years ago
Which of the following best explains how the expression of a eukaryotic gene encoding a protein wil differ if the gene is expres
Ivan

Answer: c. The protein will be made but will not function, because prokaryotes cannot remove introns.

Explanation:

Eukaryotic cells are cells that have membrane-surrounded organelles, such as a nucleus which is an organelle that stores the DNA, the genetic material. On the other hand, prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, and the genetic material is a single molecule, usually circular and closed and double-stranded, which is located in a sector of the cell known as the nucleoid (meaning "similar to the nucleus"), which does not imply the presence of a nuclear membrane.

<u>A gene is a unit of information at a DNA locus that codes for a protein. To synthesize that protein, DNA must be transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), and that mRNA is read by ribosomes in a process called translation or protein synthesis</u>. The difference between protein synthesis in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that in prokaryotes, transcription and translation take place directly in the cytoplasm since there is no nucleus. In eukaryotes, transcription takes place inside the nucleus, to generate mRNA. This mRNA molecule is then directed to the cytoplasm where translation happens.

a. In prokaryotic cells, ribosomes are produced in the cytoplasm, whereas in eukaryotic cells they are generated in the nucleolus within the cell nucleus. So they both have ribosomes and they are used to make proteins, then this option is true.

b. RNA polymerase initiates transcription of all different types of RNA (mRNa, ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA). However, there are three RNA polymerase variations, each one translate a different type of gene. But, prokaryotic RNA polymerase can translate eukaryotic genes. Then this option is not true.

c. Prokaryotic cells don't  have introns because those cells do not perform a post-transcriptional RNA modifications, only done by eukaryotic cells. One of the modifications is the excision of introns in RNA. An intron is a region of DNA that is part of the primary RNA transcript, but unlike exons, they are removed from the mature transcript prior to translation. <u>So, this remotion does not happen in prokaryotes because they just don't have introns</u>. Also, in prokaryotic cells. the translation and transcription machinery is coupled. So, the transcription and translation occurs simultaneously, there will be no remotion of introns then the protein will be synthesized differently, since the reading frame is changed. Remember that each codon (set of three nucleotides) codes for an amino acid. So if the gene sequence is different because certain sections of the gene have not been removed, the protein will be different, and probably it will not function. This option explains how the expression of an eukaryotic gene encoding a protein will differ if the gene is expressed in prokaryotic cells.

d. The genetic code is the set of rules that defines how a sequence of nucleotides in RNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids in a protein. This code is common to all living organisms, although there are small variations, and it has a unique origin and is universal.  So, the code defines the relationship between each sequence of three nucleotides, called a codon, and each amino acid.  The sequence of genetic material is composed of four distinct nitrogenous bases, which are represented by letters in the genetic code:

  • Adenine (A)
  • Thymine (T)
  • Guanine (G)
  • Cytosine (C)
  • Uracil (U), only in RNA (instead of T)

So, the genetic code is the same for eukaryotes and prokaryotes. So this option is not true.

7 0
3 years ago
Describe the ways mutations can affect DNA and chromosomes.​
lozanna [386]
Mutations present permanent and heritable changes in the genome. We distinguish gene and chromosome mutations. Mutations in the level of genes are called point mutations because only one to several nucleotides are changed. These processes are known as deletion, insertion, and substitution. Deletion presents a loss of nucleotides which changes DNA sequence. When new nucleotides are embedded in the DNA chain, it is known as insertion. Substitution implies the process where new nucleotides are inserted while the ones that were present in that specific spot in a DNA molecule are deleted.
Mutations can also appear in chromosomes altering their number and structure. There are four types of mutations - deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation. In deletion, a whole or one part of a chromosome is lost. Duplication presents an extra copy of a whole or one part of a chromosome. In an inversion, parts of a chromosome change order, while in translocation a part of one chromosome detaches and then connects to another.


hope this helps
6 0
2 years ago
An important challenge to traditional (pre-1860) ideas about species was the observation that seemingly dissimilar organisms, su
choli [55]

Answer:

these seemingly dissimilar organisms might have evolved from a distant

Explanation:

Evolution deals with history of organism survival on Earth.

The evolutionary biologists makes use of fossils as proves to give light to having a clear view of how species survived in past times.

Before the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin, Evolutionary Biologists were filled with questions about why the type of skeletal structural specimens collected were equal and different in dissimilar organisms as it does not exhibit the links seen between these species.

The theory of evolution proposed the mechanism of divergent evolution as a solution to these questions.

Therefore, we conclude that "these seemingly dissimilar organisms might have evolved from a distant" is the right answer.

5 0
3 years ago
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