Question

hypothesize a mechanism to explain how tissues respond to insulin in different ways, even tisses that have the same amount of receptors

Answer 1

Insulin is secreted by pancreas.

Further Explanation:

Pancreas acts as the endocrine gland as it secretes hormones like insulin. Insulin decreases the blood sugar level.

The glucose is present inside the vesicle present within β- cell of pancreas. When the glucose level enhances in the blood, glucose is transported inside the β- cell by GLUT 2 and a signaling cascade occurs which results in movement of vesicles to the cell membrane and releases the insulin.

Effects of insulin  are:

1. It facilitates the entrance of glucose into adipose tissue and muscle.

2. It induces the liver to store glucose into the glycogen form.

3. It decreases the concentration of glucose into blood.

4. Promotes the synthesis of fatty acid in liver.

Receptors are the molecules that binds to the ligand and starts cascades of signalling reactions. It is present either in the plasma membrane of the cell or in the cytoplasm or nucleus of the cell.

Learn more:

1. Learn more about heart brainly.com/question/7301375

2. Learn more about blood brainly.com/question/8168020

3. Learn more about hormone brainly.com/question/892851

Answer details:

Grade: College biology

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Hormones

Keywords:

Pancreas, endocrine gland, insulin, β- cell, GLUT 2, signaling cascade, glucose, adipose tissue, muscle, glycogen, fatty acid, liver.

Answer 2

The major effects of insulin on muscle and adipose tissue are: (1) Carbohydrate metabolism: (a) it increases the rate of glucose transport across the cell membrane, (b) it increases the rate of glycolysis by increasing hexokinase and 6-phosphofructokinase activity, (c) it stimulates the rate of glycogen synthesis and decreases the rate of glycogen breakdown. (2) Lipid metabolism: (a) it decreases the rate of lipolysis in adipose tissue and hence lowers the plasma fatty acid level, (b) it stimulates fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis in tissues, (c) it increases the uptake of triglycerides from the blood into adipose tissue and muscle, (d) it decreases the rate of fatty acid oxidation in muscle and liver. (3) Protein metabolism: (a) it increases the rate of transport of some amino acids into tissues, (b) it increases the rate of protein synthesis in muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and other tissues, (c) it decreases the rate of protein degradation in muscle (and perhaps other tissues). These insulin effects serve to encourage the synthesis of carbohydrate, fat and protein, therefore, insulin can be considered to be an anabolic hormone.

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