The correct answer is the following: option C. The Ottoman Empire affected European trade, as Europeans had to find new trade routes to the East because the Ottoman Empire controlled and taxed existing routes.
The Ottoman Empire was also known as the Turkish Empire which, from the 14th century and early 20th century, controlled much of the Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa. By holding so much power, the Turkish were able to intercept most of all the trade routes that Europeans used to use. This affected European trade, as Europeans now had to find new routes, in order to avoid the Ottoman Empire.
The Otto's exacted a charge for the toll to facilitate trade. the toll was a 450 yr regional reign whose W limit was chllgd&chkd . WWI dealt the death blow
Nationalism, like nation, is very hard to define clearly and unequivocally. The contention that nationalism is what nationalists make of it is, in fact, an evasion.
