Behavior therapies often use ''counter conditioning'' techniques such as systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning to encourage clients to produce new responses to old stimuli.
The term "counterconditioning" refers to both a method and a potential mechanism by which behavior is altered through a fresh association with a stimulus with a diametrically opposed valence.
Systematic desensitization is the sort of counterconditioning most frequently used for therapeutic purposes. It is meant to lessen or get rid of a person's dread of a certain thing, circumstance, or activity. For instance, a dog who rushes at the window in response to a delivery person passing by is expressing fear or anxiety.
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Answer:
The answer is negative affectivity.
Explanation:
People who present negative affectivity are characterised by feelings of fear, anxiety, distress and other negative emotions. This is usually related to low self-esteem and insecurity.
Several studies show that high degrees and prolonged presentation of this trait might result in common mental disorders, such as depression or bipolar disorder.
Answer:
Punishment
Explanation:
Punishment is a way of decreasing undesirable behavior by adding or removing a pleasant stimulus.
Punishment can either be positive or Negative, it is positive when a pleasant stimulus is added to decrease undesirable behavior while it is negative when a pleasant stimulus is removed to decrease undesirable behavior.
Raising the insurance rate for the girl for the girl till she is 25 is a kind of positive punishment which helped to reduce her speed.