Patriotic sentiment defines nationalism the best
Answer:
The papal deposing power was the most powerful tool of the political authority claimed by and on behalf of the Roman Pontiff, in medieval and early modern thought, amounting to the assertion of the Pope's power to declare a Christian monarch heretical and powerless to rule.
In the middle west. which is the most general way to put it
1. They had competition for valuables, minareals, and other resources.
(Thats what I THINK!!!)
D, it had advanced agriculture which allowed people to pursue other innterests