I would say almost all types of muscles. Skeletal, cardiac, or smooth, they all need neurons. Without them, it could cause flaccid and spastic paralysis, or other types of diseases.
You can infer that the birds once had a common ancestor but became separated. Mutations in copying their genes stacked and caused changes in the beaks so the birds could be more well off or better adapted in their new environment.
Virions are physical entities containing nucleocapsid, capsid and sometime envelop. It exists extracellularly. Viruses are genetic material that occur intracellularly
Phenomena such as star explosions, neutron stars, black holes etc. are studied with the help of extremely powerful and sensitive telescopes.
These sophisticated instruments are able to see more than our own eyes can. Thus, they detect wavelengths outside of those found in our visible spectrum, such as X-rays etc.
The most sophisticated telescopes are those that are placed in space such as the Hubble or Spitzer Space Telescope. In this way, these instruments are able to circumvent the Earth's atmosphere that may block the view of the sky. Thus, in space, they have the optimal conditions to observe and study in detail such phenomena.
Long term: I could either help a species have more genetic variation or wipe out an entire species. Short term: it could decrease food resources for other species.