On February 5, 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt announces a controversial plan to expand the Supreme Court to as many as 15 judges, allegedly to make it more efficient. Critics immediately charged that Roosevelt was trying to “pack” the court and thus neutralize Supreme Court justices hostile to his New Deal.
During the previous two years, the high court had struck down several key pieces of New Deal legislation on the grounds that the laws delegated an unconstitutional amount of authority to the executive branch and the federal government. Flushed with his landslide reelection in 1936, President Roosevelt issued a proposal in February 1937 to provide retirement at full pay for all members of the court over 70. If a justice refused to retire, an “assistant” with full voting rights was to be appointed, thus ensuring Roosevelt a liberal majority. Most Republicans and many Democrats in Congress opposed the so-called “court-packing” plan.
A principle or set of principles lay down by authority as incontrovertibly true
Constantinople is the ancient city and the capital of Byzantine Empire. After the fall of Byzantine Empire, the trade center moved from Constantinople to Venice. It was positioned on the ingress of the black sea and it also used the major silk route in order to trade its products.
It was the richest city in Byzantine Empire. The fertility of soil which was rich in mineral sources was the main reason for the city to become rich.
It was agriculture based economy but had inherited military strategies from Rome. Constantinople traded Grains and silk which earned the Byzantine Empire great revenue.
Answer:
The Southern states passed a set of laws restricting the rights of blacks. These laws came to be known as the Jim Crow Laws. The laws were passed because most white Southerners were not willing to recognize rights to African Americans.
Explanation:
The Jim Crow Laws were state and local laws of the United States promulgated between 1876 and 1965. They represented a mandate for racial segregation in all public establishments in the southern states of the former Confederation, starting in 1890 with the status of "separate but equal" for African Americans. The separation led to a restoration of the conditions of African Americans, which tended to be lower than those set for white Americans, and to systematize a series of economic, educational and social disadvantages. The de jure segregation was mainly applied in the South. The segregation in the North was generally de facto, with segregation patterns in terms of housing forced into rental contracts, in bank lending practices and labor discrimination, including discriminatory trade union practices for decades.
