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3 years ago

Each year, the government establishes an income cap for _____.

2 answers:

8 0

<span>Each year, the government establishes an income cap for <u>Social Security Taxes.</u>
These change every year owing to government decisions. </span>

goldenfox [79]3 years ago

8 0

Answer:

Social Security taxes

Explanation:

The tax levied on both the employer and the employees with an objective to fund the Social Security program is called as Social Security tax. This tax is taken to help out the millions of Americans by providing retirement , or disability or are survivorship benefits. The Federal Insurance Contributions Act or Self-Employed Contributions Act (SECA) collects this tax in the form of a payroll tax.

Currently the rate of social Security is 12.4%. Half of this is paid by employers (i.e 6.2%) and remaining half is paid by the employee. In FY 2019-20 , the income cap is $132,900 per annum

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a sequence of amino acids called a blank is produced during the process of blank during this process, the blank of a TRNA molecu

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Answer:

A transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length,that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins. Transfer RNA does this by carrying an amino acid to the protein synthetic machinery of a cell (ribosome) as directed by the complementary recognition of a 3-nucleotide sequence (codon) in a messenger RNA (mRNA) by a 3-nucleotide sequence (anticodon) of the tRNA. As such, tRNAs are a necessary component of translation, the biological synthesis of new proteins in accordance with the genetic code.

Each mRNA molecule is simultaneously translated by many ribosomes, all reading the mRNA from 5′ to 3′ and synthesizing the polypeptide from the N terminus to the C terminus. The complete mRNA/poly-ribosome structure is called a polysome.

tRNAs in eukaryotes

The tRNA molecules are transcribed by RNA polymerase III. Depending on the species, 40 to 60 types of tRNAs exist in the cytoplasm. Specific tRNAs bind to codons on the mRNA template and add the corresponding amino acid to the polypeptide chain. (More accurately, the growing polypeptide chain is added to each new amino acid bound in by a tRNA.)

The transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are structural RNA molecules. In eukaryotes, tRNA mole are transcribed from tRNA genes by RNA polymerase III. Depending on the species, 40 to 60 types of tRNAs exist in the cytoplasm. Serving as adaptors, specific tRNAs bind to sequences on the mRNA template and add the corresponding amino acid to the polypeptide chain. (More accurately, the growing polypeptide chain is added to each new amino acid brought in by a tRNA.) Therefore, tRNAs are the molecules that actually “translate” the language of RNA into the language of proteins.

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2 years ago

Imagine you are a dietician. You are treating a patient who has diabetes. The patient can’t have too many carbohydrates that are

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Monosaccharides- Honey, Apples, and Kiwi
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C.secondary consumers.

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3 years ago

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diabetes, (in some cases), freckles, and the amount of hair on your body.

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At which stage shown below does the frog use both skin and lungs for gas exchange

a_sh-v [17]

Frogs, like salamanders, newts and toads, are amphibians. Most amphibians begin their life cycles as water-dwelling animals, complete with gills for breathing underwater. As they grow to adulthood, amphibians normally become land-dwelling creatures, lose their gills and develop lungs for breathing. Frogs are no exception to this process and are able to breathe through their lungs once they reach adulthood.

Larval Stage

Frogs still in the larval stage, called tadpoles, are very different in outward appearance and internal physiology from their adult counterparts. Most notable is the presence of gills instead of lungs during this stage. Tadpoles can also take in oxygen through their skin, a trait that aids in gas exchange (bringing in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide, as with lung respiration) while the tadpole is living completely underwater.

Maturation

As a frog matures from tadpole to adult, it loses its gills and develops functioning lungs. During this transition, and after maturity, frogs are still able to breathe through their skin. This trait is known as “bimodal breathing,” in which an animal uses two different systems for bringing in oxygen. These two different breathing systems allow adult frogs to shift between aquatic habitats (which require skin respiration) and land habitats (which are more suited to lung respiration) with ease.

Skin Respiration

An adult frog’s thin and permeable skin allows it to take in oxygen, even when completely submerged. Oxygen readily passes through this thin membrane-like skin, providing the frog with the oxygen it needs to stay alive under water without the need for gills. Because of the permeability of a frog’s skin, moisture is lost easily and most frogs must remain in a moist or humid environment in order to retain their water levels.

Lung Respiration

Compared with many other amphibians, frogs have relatively well-developed and complex lungs, which are subdivided and contain many alveoli—tiny sacs that are responsible for gas exchange within the lungs. Unlike mammals that control their breathing with the diaphragm, frogs use their mouths and nostrils in tandem to bring air into their lungs. When a frog breathes in, it lowers the floor of its mouth and relaxes its throat. Then it opens its nostrils to allow air to enter into the newly expanded mouth and throat, at which point the frog contracts its mouth floor and forces air into the lungs.

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