Answer:
To help you start your essay:
the beast literally - the sow's head
the beast figuratively - evil, savagery, violence
lack of civilization → lack of order → violence → death
The savage/evil nature is within all humans. It is a part of human nature, despite any and all attempts to vanquish it.
Answer:
Sam wasn't able to learn for the rest of his life.
Triumphs are more important to her,she is focusing on the positive.
Answer:
He is recording the story of their voyage to America.