Everything but "Piers the Plowman" is an epic. "Piers" is a narrative poem.
Stated is when the writer tells you directly what he is writing about.
Implied<span> is when the main idea was hinted at </span>or<span> suggested, but not directly </span>stated<span>. An example: "You are fat." This thought was stated.
" You look like you are getting plenty to eat." This thought was implied, however one still gets the message.
The Sumerians gave the world... This idea was stated.</span>
