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GaryK [48]
3 years ago
9

Suppose that a single protein is significantly overexpressed in one of two different cell lines. The proteins are identical, but

Northern blot analysis indicates that the mRNA for the protein in the overexpressing cell line is about 200 base pairs shorter. Subsequent reverse transcriptase PCR has revealed that the truncation occurs in the 3ʹ untranslated region. How might this lead to overexpression of the protein?
Biology
1 answer:
mart [117]3 years ago
7 0

Explanation:

Many mRNAs have sequences of 50 - 150 nt rich in A and U in the 3' untranslated region. These sequences, called AU-rich elements, are important to regulate mRNA stability, because they bind proteins that target the mRNA for degradation.

When a protein binds to the AU-rich element of the mRNA, the polyA tail can be shortened and/or the 5'cap is removed, promoting mRNA degradation. In addition, the AU-rich elements in some mRNAs have been shown to inhibit protein translation.

The mRNA of the overexpressing cell line is about 200nt shorter than the normal cell line; this could mean that it has a deletion in the 3'UTR comprising an AU-rich element. If this is missing, the mRNA will have an extended half-life (because it won't be targeted for degradation) or it will be translated more. As a result, the protein expression will be increased.

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Answer:

variation

Explanation:

Genetic variation is what makes us all unique as a result of subtle changes in our DNA.  The Theory of Evolution is a process in which organisms change over time as a result of adapting to their environment.  Charles Darwin came up with the term Survival of the fittest, in any environment plants and animals from the same species show natural variation in their physical characteristics, like neck lengths in giraffes.  Darwin suggested that the plants and animals best suited to the environment will survive and pass on their characteristics to their offspring. Over time, the characteristics of the surviving members of the species will become predominant.

Example: Peppered moth

In London in the 1800's, 98% of peppered moths had light colored bodies and only 2% were dark.  The light moths were the same color as the trees so they could easily hide from hungry birds and not get eaten.  The dark moths however were easy to see and were eaten.  Then came the factories and smoke of the industrial evolution and many trees turned black with soot and suddenly the dark moths were able to survive better as they now looked like the trees and the light colored moths were easier to spot and eat.  By 1895 the dark peppered moths made up 95% of the population and the light colored moths only 5%.  This is an example of natural selection, because of the gene that makes the moths dark, it allowed them to flourish when the environment changed, they adapted, reproduced and survived.

8 0
3 years ago
How much atp is produced from one glucose molecule if no oxygen is available to a muscle cell during contraction?
andrew11 [14]
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6 0
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jonny [76]

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<span>b)      </span>Increased human population growth and their activities have resulted in the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This has increased the global temperature. This increase of global temperature increase ocean temperatures causing coral bleaching.

Another example is depletion of water sources by human activities hence causing drought. Drought reduces the amount of vegetation growth due to scarcity of water in the soil (due to lowering of the water table) for plant growth.  

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3 years ago
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Rashid [163]

Answer: i think it’s D

Explanation:

4 0
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