The answer is rock and mineral particles bcoz it is only option which is not living thing from start
2010: the census of marine life is completed.
2011: Mariana Trench exploration
2012: first solo dive into the Mariana Trench. hope this helps. :)
Explanation:
Naturalists began to focus on the variability of species; the emergence of paleontology with the concept of extinction further undermined static views of nature. In the early 19th century Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) proposed his theory of the transmutation of species, the first fully formed theory of evolution.
In classical Latin, though, evolution had first denoted the unrolling of a scroll, and by the early 17th century, the English word evolution was often applied to 'the process of unrolling, opening out, or revealing'. It is this aspect of its application which may have been behind Darwin's reluctance to use the term.
hope it helps you
Lithosphere is the final layer on the planet Earth, erosion caused by wind (atmosphere) or rain (hydrosphere) may also wear down rocks in the lithosphere.