<span>- Europeans were in fear from raids (Vikings and Magyars)
- No strong central government so local leaders had to protect
</span>
Maarten Schmidt found the spectral lines were high redshift (had their emission lines shifted toward longer, redder wavelengths by the expansion of the Universe)
<span>The puzzle about quasar spectra, which was finally solved by Maarten Schmidt, was </span><span>the brightest known quasar</span>.
His goal was to expand his empire and gain more prestige among nations
The answer is the letter A Benjamin Franklin
