The major way that the geographic location of the united states affected its foreign policy before world war 2 was that it was protected by ocean, meaning it never felt the need to defend itself to a great extent.
A civic duty is the responsibility of a citizen.
Answer:
That depends on your time zone.
European leaders responded to Islamic expansion in a very violent way. Following the initial incursions of the Islamic forces in those years, the European leaders decided it was time to take up arms and fight them in their own lands - what followed were the Crusades.