Answer:
<u>Both of these are necessary to maintain overpopulation of any species in an ecosystem.</u>
Explanation:
- Predation is an act in which one organism eats another organism present in the ecosystem.
- The one eaten is called prey, while the dominant organism is called Predator.
- Since an ecosystem is made up of many organisms along with the natural resources present in it.
- This gives rise to different species competing against one another.
- If one of these species is at a certain advantage, their population will rise uncontrollably hence to prevent this a predator plays a major role.
- On the other hand, competition is a term which describes the harm caused to two different organisms.
- This is due to the limited number of natural resources like food, water or shelter etc.
- Organisms who are less likely to adapt according to the changing environment ultimately die.
- For example, Plant roots over time lessen the amount of nitrogen present in the soil, causing the neighboring plant to die.
Answer:
D) EPSPs
Explanation:
Glutamate is a very important and powerful excitatory neurotransmitter. It is largely secreted by nerve cells present in the brain. Glutamate is known to bind ionotropic receptors. By ionotropic we mean to say that on ligand binding, such receptors tend to open and allow passage of ions. As soon as glumatate binds its receptor present on the plasma membrane, it causes excitatory electrical responses to occur by opening Na⁺ channels which causes influx of Na⁺. More Na⁺ inside the neurons leads to the change in the membrane potential which is known as EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potential) and this state is known as depolarized state.
In short, glutamate causes sodium ion channels to open up in the neurons and this flow of Na⁺ is known as excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and as explained in the paragraph above, this EPSC finally leads to EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potential).
A. social age
b. chronological age
c. psychological age
<span>d. biological age
Its D, biological age.</span>
Explanation:
a current meter turns with the flow of the river a stream . The current meter is used to measure water velocity is predetermined points along a marked line
