a. greater market for goods and services
This is semantic memory.
Semantic memory actually refers to your 'general knowledge' - the information that you know about the world in general. The grandfather's semantic memory is quite strong and it doesn't seem to decline, which is why he is still so good at solving crossword puzzles. This refers to knowledge and memory that we accumulate throughout our lives.
Lines of latitude (parallels) run east-west around the globe and are used to measure distances NORTH and SOUTH of the equator. Since the equator is 0 , the latitude of the north pole, 1/4 of the way around the globe going in a northerly direction, would be 90 N.
I believe the answer is B