In a resting state, sodium (Na ) is at a higher concentration outside the cell, and potassium (K ) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels <u>increase </u>inside the cell.
During an action potential, the potassium level inside the cell decreases, and the sodium level inside the cell increases. That is to say, there is an outflow of potassium and an inflow of sodium ions.
Action potential usually occurs when an electrical signal disrupts the balance of Na+ and K+ within a cell membrane, briefly depolarizing the concentrations of each.
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Answer:
Human impacts on marine ecosystems. Human activities affect marine ecosystems as a result of pollution, overfishing, the introduction of invasive species,and acidification, which all impact on the marine food web and may lead to largely unknown consequences for the biodiversity and survival of marine life forms.
Answer:
The laws of physics.
Explanation:
Formally stated, Newton's third law is: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The statement means that in every interaction, there is a pair of forces acting on the two interacting objects. The size of the forces on the first object equals the size of the force on the second object.