The strong force has a range of about the width of an atomic nucleus, and is responsible for binding protons and neutrons together. Like electromagnetic force, the nuclear forces are governed by gauge bosons.
There is no specific rate that the bacteria is viral
Well maybe that species evolved over time to get faster and be more durable because of the need to run away from lions and other prey.
My guess is that fat-soluble toxins that may occur in freshwater ecosystems would most affect apex species in these ecosystems. This is because fat-soluble toxins are stored in the fat reserves of animals, and then bioaccumulate up the food chain. So in this case, most of the toxin is not secreted, but stored within the food chain, and bioaccumulates, with the concentration becoming higher the further up the food chain.
