This is from the Joy Luck Club im guessing??? the primary conflict is between the narrator and her mother, the contention that comes with arguing weather or not loosing more or less pieces results in a better or worse game. the secondary contention is subliminal. it is the pressure the traditional mother puts on her child to not only win, but to always win. Her mother lived in a place and time where only those who did the best survived. the narrator only wants to win, but is willing to make sacrifices to get there. There is the tension and misunderstanding between these two generations.
Have* this is because has* is past tense and have is more appropriate since there are multiple things you are referring too (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars). To be honest, these planets have a molten core.
Answer:
"Historians have spent years trying to crack language codes.
Explanation:
This one gives background on having to decode something meaning they are trying to figure out what the language or thing is.