The mantle i think sorry if i am wrong
The dna is not copied before meiosis 2
Mutations in these genes can produce new or altered traits, resulting in heritable differences (genetic variation) between organisms. ... One definition of a species is a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another and produce fertile offspring.
While the sun does emit ultraviolet radiation, the majority of solar energy comes in the form of "light" and "heat," in the visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.