Just World Phenomenon. Mary tells you that she thinks the reason people live in poverty is because they are lazy. Mary's thinking is an example of the Just World Phenomenon.
Explanation:
The Just World phenomenon is generally a belief of people that the world is Just, and what reaches someone is what he or she deserves. People generally believe that the world is fair and if something wrong happens with someone, it is truly because of that person's own fault. This is the irrational and illogical approach to rationalize the injustice of the world where people usually blame the person who is actually a victim.
Just like stated in this question, Mary thinks that people who live in poverty are just because they are lazy and don't want to work. Rather the real situation is often the opposite of it. People want to work but they don't get opportunities to get work. It is very easy to point fingers on people but when it comes to their own selves, it becomes so hard to bear. Everyone knows his situation better than others. No body knows that what are the situations a person is going through. So blaming the person for the failure is totally irrational and unjustified.
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Riley is in the pre-conventional stage of moral development.
According to the psychologist, Kohlberg, during the pre-conventional stage of moral development, individuals have not developed a personal moral code. Instead, individuals follow moral codes and actions based on what they have learned from their parents, teachers and other elders. Individuals in the pre-conventional stage of moral development make moral decisions that help them avoid punishment.
The example illustrates the difference in organizational
culture. Organizational culture is being defined as the value that an
individual encompasses by means of having it to contribute to the unique psychological
environment or also, the social environment in an organization by which it exist on both parties but both are being used differently.