A DNA mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people. Mutations range in size; they can affect anywhere from a single DNA building block (base pair) to a large segment of a chromosome that includes multiple genes. DNA mutations can affect an offspring can result in abnormal protein products. Mutations can also introduce new alleles into a population of organisms and increase the population's genetic variation.
A. Asexual reproduction is like cloning.
Answer:
1) The genetic changes can lead to a reduction in the capacity of the mice to move glycogen at its branches points and lowers blood glucose levels between meals.
2) Genetic changed can lead to a decrease in the capacity to lower blood glucose due to the knock out of the hexokinase gene leading to elevated levels in the bloodstream.
(c) A knockout of FBPase2 will result in elevated levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in
liver favoring the glycolytic pathway and inhibiting gluconeogenesis by the decrease of fructose 1,6-
bisphosphatase-1 activity
(d) An active FBPase-2 will now favor gluconeogenesis and this inhibits glycolysis. I.e. a decrease in PFK-1 activity while increasing FBPase-1 activity simultaneously.
Answer:
(a) The grains which are termed as millets are Amaranth, Barnyard, buckwheat, kodu, sorghum, bajra, Kangani, and Ragi.
(b) The following are the advantages of millet due to which they are given more preference than wheat and rice:
1. Millet's are free of gluten, a protein digestion of which is very difficult by the body.
2. When we compare the protein content of rice, wheat and millet, it is found that millet has high protein content.
3. In all aspects of components of nutrients called as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins, millet is in prime position and is also easy to digest.