Answer:
B)protons, down
Explanation:
Chemiosmosis is the diffusion of ions through a selective permeable membrane. It specifically refers to the production of ATP through the movement of hydrogen ions through an inner membrane during cellular respiration. Hydrogen ions diffuse from an area of high proton concentration to one of lower concentration.
Answer:
When a person is assigned a status at birth and must remain in it throughout his or her life, it is a caste system.
Explanation:
A caste system is applied in some societies and consists of the assignment of an individual to a social stratum by birthright, being forced to remain in that status and even relate to people of the same social category and allow endogamy.
It is a system that exists in ancient societies, an example being the Hindu caste system or South African apartheid. Other cultures that made use of the caste system were the Arab and Hebrew.
Unlike the caste system, the class system consists of inclusion in a specific social class, without the intervention of the birthright.
Learn more:
Caste system brainly.com/question/108900
Collagen is the structural protein found in skin and connective tissue. This protein is the most abundant protein, that makes up one-third of the protein in the human body. The function of this protein in the skin is to give the skin strength and elasticity, and to replace dead skin cells. In connective tissues it s<span>upports structures and anchor cells to each other.</span>