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January 1, 1863 – March 31, 1877
The "Establishment Clause" is the 1st Amendment provision that prevents the creation of a religious government. The opening words of the 1st Amendment form this "Establishment Clause,," which prohibits the government from establishing a religion. That is, the government cannot set up a church or create laws that aid a particular religion or favors some types of religion over others..
Here is what the 1st Amendment states: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances."
It should be noted that Gamal Abdel Nasser and Indira Gandhi were effective as nationalist leaders as they called for changes that'll affect their countries.
Nationalist leaders called for Independence and the creation of new states. In order for them to achieve this goal, Africans were encouraged to identify as members of national groups rather than identifying as ethnic groups.
Gamal Abdel Nasser was an Egyptian Army Officer, prime minister, and also president who became a controversial leader of the Arab World.
Indira Ghandi was an Indian Politician of the Indian National Congress. She stood by the side of the people of Bangladesh during the liberation war. She was vital in freeing Bangladesh from the Pakistans.
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