Answer:
The correct answer would be :
independent variable : use of pen or pencil
Dependent variable : test scores (test of learning ability)
Explanation:
Independent variable of any scientific investigation or experiment is a variable that is manipulated or changed to see the change in dependent variable. In this case the variable that is changed or manipulated is use of pen or pencil to see that effect on learning ability.
Dependent variable is something that is measured or calculated to find the effect of the independent variable. In this case the dependent variable is test score that will provide idea that if hunch of scientist is true or not.
Thus, the correct answer would be :
independent variable : use of pen or pencil
Dependent variable : test scores (test of learning ability)