Answer:
Explanation: The Ottoman Empire began at the very end of the 13th century with a series of raids from Turkic warriors (known as ghazis) led by Osman I, a prince (bey) whose father, Ertugrul, had established a power base in Söğüt (near Bursa, Turkey).
Its letter A .Philosophical research by Renaissance thinkers promoted the advancement of Greek ideologies on the formation of government
Lamarck believed that the stretching elongated the giraffe's neck, which became a useful characteristic and was passed onto future generations. This resulted in the length of the giraffe's neck increasing over time. It is now commonly accepted that Lamarck's ideas were wrong.
You can talk about the boarder crisis along the Estonian boarder and Russian boarder. The is called a crisis because there is a tradition steeped kingdom called the Seto caught directly in the middle of it(their kingdom is split half and half).