An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the Efferent arteriole.
No because that would not be your urine
Cells don't grow very big because they have to be able to diffuse through material easily. Also, when cells are small and plentiful they are easy to replace when damaged.
Acetylcholine, sometimes shortened to ACh.
Amount of food in stomach when drinking, body weight, rate of consumption, strength of alcohol.