Anderson argued that nations emerged only after three beliefs were weakened: that elite languages (like Latin) offered unique access to truth about existence; that society was naturally organized around leaders who ruled through divine dispensation; and that the origins of the world and of humankind.
What does Benedict Anderson say about nationalism?
In the book Anderson theorized the condition that led to the development of nationalism in the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly in the Americas, and famously defined the nation as an “imagined community.” The nation is imagined, according to Anderson, because it entails a sense of communion or “horizontal.
What are the causes of nationalism?
The main reasons for the emergence of Nationalism in India are:
- Political, Economic and Administrative Unification.
- Impact of Western Education.
- Development of means of Transport.
- Socio-religious reform movements.
- Development of Media, Newspaper and Magazines.
- Britishers' exploited Policies.
- National Movements outside India.
What are Anderson's 3 paradoxes of nationalism?
Anderson's best-known book, “Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism,” first published in 1983, began with three paradoxes: Nationalism is a modern phenomenon, even though many people think of their nations as ancient and eternal; it is universal (everyone has a nation),
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Religious orders were formed that aimed to build allegiance to Rome and the papacy, and to educate people in Catholic teaching. The Society of Jesus, known as the Jesuits for short, was a key order of this sort. The order was founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534, along with Francis Xavier and several others.
The Council of Trent served to reform some abuses that were acknowledged by the Catholic Church. For instance, the Council of Trent put a stop to the selling of indulgences. But more than anything, the meeting of Roman Catholic church leaders reasserted the full authority of Roman power and doctrine in opposition to the Protestant threat. The Council of Trent held meetings over a span of years from 1545 to 1563.
The Roman Inquisition was founded in 1542 to act as an investigative body regarding threats to Rome's teachings. About a century later, Galileo would be one of the most famous persons tried by the Roman Inquisition. The efforts of the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century have continued to impact both Catholicism and Protestantism. Faithful Catholics see the "Catholic Reformation" (which included the items described above) as a healthy resurgence of Rome's spiritual authority. Protestants have tended to see Rome's efforts as oppressive, convincing them that breaking off relationships with Rome was the right thing to do. There have been some efforts in recent history to build ecumenical ties between Catholics and Protestants, but mostly the two sides have continued to pursue their separate missions apart from one another.
In conclusion, The Roman Catholic Church responded to the spread of Protestantism in the 16th century in several ways, intending to strengthen its own stance and its hold on church power.
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Pres. Woodrow Wilson at the end of the war was highly regarded by the Europeans as he deployed AEF to help to win the war against the Central Powers. He actively advocated for the adoption of his 14 Points as the major principles of Treaty of Versailles but the other 3 big heads: Great Britain, France, and Italy firmly rejected his suggestions except the last point, creation of League of Nations. The other allied powers want Germany reparation for the War Guilt Clause, $33B in total as Wilson though resented the demand but at last complied.
2. the U.S.A didnt join because they didn't want to get dragged into another European conflict and because they wanted to maintain a policy of isolationism.Many people hoped that this international organization could help to stabilize the world after the Versailles Treaty brought turmoil. Since Switzerland is a neutral country, organizers based the League of Nations in the city of Geneva. While this organization was the brainchild of United States president Woodrow Wilson, the U.S. would not join. Germany and Russia were not allowed to join the organization.
3. Although the League of Nations was much of the work of President Woodrow Wilson America never joined the League of Nations.
This was for several reasons, firstly America had suffered civilian casualties in the war, and many people in the USA wanted to keep America out of European affairs.
This policy was called isolationism and was probably the main reason that America didn't join the League.
Also joining the league meant that this might involve having to do things that might set back the economy or damage America otherwise.
For instance sending out soldiers out to other parts of the globe would be a very costly venture and there would probably be casualties as well.
There was also the fact that America had had little involvement in the war and had some civilians (especially German immigrants) also had little or no support for British or French policies and/or the Treaty of Versailles.
So although when the League was actually being formed Woodrow Wilson still backed America joining it, by this time America had had enough of wars and dealing with other countries problems and, despite Wilson America never joined the League.
