Earth’s atmosphere is divided into 5 layer, from the outer layer it will be: Exosphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere. The coldest area of the atmosphere would be the middle layer called mesosphere. The average temperature of this atmosphere is −85 °C , a bit lower than stratosphere temperature −60 °C.
The coldest layer of earth’s atmosphere is the Mesosphere
The mesosphere is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere that is directly above the stratopause and directly below the mesopause. In the mesosphere temperature decreases as the altitude increases.
When there is DNA shape mutation, one of the main things that could happend in the change of shape of the proteins, this creates a different pattern to arrange the nucleotids in the nuclei of the cells
Mantle plumes that form hotspots are thought to be relatively stationary whereas the overlying tectonic plates typically are not. Thus, as a plate moves over the location of a plume eruption, it carries successively older volcanoes with it.
