The answer is B: proteins and lipids.
Also carbohydrates
Light energy is converted into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.
Answer:
Antibiotic resistance can evolved in bacterial population in the following ways:
Explanation:
- In response to constant exposure to antibiotics some members of a bacterial population develop some beneficial mutations in some essential genes that gives them survival advantage in terms of food and space over the sensitive bacterial strains and hence they are capable of out-competing the sensitive bacteria.
- This happens due to the process of Natural Selection.
- These genes are called antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria usually carry them on plasmids in form of cassettes where genes resistant to multiple drugs are incorporated. These plasmids are called the MDR or Multi-Drug Resistance Plasmids.
- These resistant plasmids can be easily transferred among bacterial populations by conjugation, transformation or transduction or direct plasmid transfer.
- The resistant genes encode for proteins that render the drug ineffective by promoting their efflux from the cells, preventing their entry into the cell, chemically modifying them such that they become non-functional or altering the target site of the drug.
It is based on a comparison between the observed abundance of a naturally occurring radioactive isotope and its decay products, using known decay rates.
<h3>How are isotopes used in radioactive dating?</h3>
These isotopes decay within the rocks according to their half-life rates, and by choosing the fit minerals and measuring the relative amounts of parent and daughter isotopes in them, the date at which the rock crystallized can be determined.
Thus, It is based on a comparison between the observed abundance of a naturally occurring radioactive isotope.
To learn more about radioactive isotope click here:
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Yes, There is no spherical symmetry in biology. But is in Spherical
