Step-by-step explanation:
We need to prove that,

Taking LHS,

Hence, LHS = RHS.
18 is the integer that comes next because the sequence goes 3 -2 4 -2 6 -2 8
My answer is should: increase of 4.5
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P.S..If you have options then it's better................
So we are given that the mean is 42% and the sd (standard deviation) is 8%
Assuming our data is normal we can use the 68-95-99 rule
So one thing you should realize is that 42% + 8% is 50% which is passing. That is one standard deviation higher. So we use:
100 - 68 - 13.5 - 2.35 - 0.15 = 16. That means 16% of students passed the test. Which is terrible. They probably need to hit the books more.
Anyways if you have any question feel free to message me!
Hopes this helps!