This depends somewhat on what you classify as "west," but generally speaking, yes, this is true, since it was in Ancient Athens that the first democracy was formed.
Yes, studying how mayfly population affects the number of trout in a stream is ecology.
Ecology seeks to unveil how different organism relate with one another as well as their environment.
Ecology is basically the study of distribution,abundance and relation of organisms and their interaction with their environment.
The fascist party leader who became dictator of Italy was named "Mussolini" and was the leader of Italy during World War II. Italy during this time was allied with Germany and Japan.