A. Alleles lineup independently of the other alleles
Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
Answer:
Cilia
Explanation:
Cilia are the hair-like extensions used like oars to propel protists. They move in a wave-like pattern to move the protist.
Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase (specific) is usually positive in <u>Granulocytic</u> cells, and alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (nonspecific)is useful for identifying blast cells of <u>monocytic</u> lineage.
- White blood cells known as granulocytes have tiny granules. Proteins are present in these granules.
- Granulocytes can be classified as neutrophils, eosinophils, or basophils. The body uses granulocytes, particularly neutrophils, to fight bacterial infections.
- A monocyte is a subtype of phagocyte and a type of white blood cell.
- The role of the monocyte-macrophage cell lineage in acute and chronic allograft immunopathology is becoming more widely acknowledged.
- It is linked to lower graft performance and survival when this lineage of cells predominates in tissue that is rejecting an allograft.
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Answer:
Translation
Explanation:
During translation, mRNA arrives at a ribosome. Within the ribosome, the mRNA temporarily binds to tRNA's via complementation. The tRNA's are responsible for gathering the relevant amino acids and creating a new protein.
