Medieval age lasted for more than thousand years. The medieval age is formerly proclaimed to be Dark Age not because it was dark but because nothing was known.
After the collapse of Greek and Roman civilizations, the whole of Europe came under the supremacy of the churches at that which gained control. It was called as nothing was known or studied about the political structure that prevailed during that period.
Dark Age does not actually refer to the time when people spent much of their time in darkness. It simply means that nothing came into light from the period when great civilizations came to an end.
"<span>A. It amounted to an informal declaration of Cold War" would be the best option, but it was not even remotely formal--in that it simply said that the US would come to the aid of any countries in danger of becoming communist. </span>
They are know as the citizens of the United States
In a long period of severe heat or cold, most of civilians had a really rough time in obtaining foods to feed their families.
Under such conditions, people will have a greater tendency toward violence as a desperate attempt to survive.
Because of this, more wars and rebellions tend to happen within long period of sever cold or heat.
As per my understanding, Lincoln won in a landslide after Willian Tecumseh Sherman provided it by capturing Atlanta, Georgia. That helped President Lincoln.
Good luck :)