One of the changes in development and specialization that did not happen in primitive mammals was the increase in stomach capacity. The specialization of teeth and the lower jaw are two important modifications of the primitive mammals. Also an increase in size and brain capacity are two crucial modifications of the early mammals. 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
 a. shorten
Explanation:
Inability or failure for joints to move through their entire range of motion is caused by constrictions. These constrictions often results when the excess adipose tissues that surrounds the muscles and ligaments are not in required adequate proportion. These constrictions can be caused by ageing, fatigue, muscular diseases etc. As a result of these constriction in the joints, let say for example, the knee joint, the muscle and ligaments tends to shorten in length.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
B
Explanation:
as it clearly shows on the graph 
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Heloooooooooooooooo.............
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Option-C
Explanation:
The sugar alcohols are the carbohydrates which are neither considered sugars nor alcohols but they partially resemble the structure of both of these sugars and alcohol.
The sugar alcohols are naturally present in the vegetables and fruits but they are also artificially synthesised like xylitol, lactitol, mannitol and others.
They are considered the alternative from of sugar but they provide less energy as compared to carbohydrates like they provide about 0-3 kcal per gram whereas sugar provides 4 kcal per gram.
This difference is due to the reason that they are not completely absorbed by the human body and also they are incompletely metabolized therefore provide less energy.
Thus, Option-C is the correct answer.