The answer to the question is d
The answer is: A. Ivan Pavlov
Pavlov was the researcher who first popularized the classical conditioning (where a certain conditioned response is created by associating a certain situation with a conditioned stimulus)
Counterconditioning was developed in order to reverse or reduce the effete of classical conditioning (usually carried out by enforcing positive reinforcement to the subjects)
Market pressure will cause the price of cell phones rise until it reaches the equilibrium price
50 states are in the united states.