The branch of biology that is related to study of animals, their structures, evolution, and other factors is known as <u>Zoology</u> ~
Answer:
The answers are b) Disinfection can occur by physical or chemical mean, c) Disinfectants are used to inhibit or destroy pathogens, d)Endospores and viruses can resist disinfectant treatment and e)Disinfection can be used to treat work surfaces as well as workers (i.e., washing hands)
Explanation:
Disinfection is the process that involves the elimination of microorganisms through the use of chemical or physical agents. Among the physicists are heat, radiation, drying, etc. Chemical disinfectants are oxidizing substances that are used in solution and can be combined with detergents or some organic substances.
However, endospores and some viruses are very resistant to both physical and chemical disinfection. In endospores, this resistance is due to the fact that the protective layer of the spore is impermeable to any oxidizing agent. In viruses, the cytoplasmic membrane is composed of two layers, a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic zone, this influences the resistance to disinfectants.
North Dakota would be the best state to harness wind energy.
Answer:
separation of homologous pairs at anaphase I of meiosis.
Explanation:
Independent assortment law establishes that the alleles from two or more different genes distribute in gametes independently from each other. In other words, a gamete receives an allele from a gene that does not depend or influence the allele of another gene in the same gamete. This random distribution can only be applied to independent genes. These genes segregate independently after crossing over because they are located far away from each other.
When cell division is going on by meiosis, it involves the random and independent segregation of the alleles. During anaphase I (meiosis), the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate independently of each other. Each integrant of the homologous pair migrates to opposite poles of the cell. This separation generates different chromosomal combinations in the daughter cells. The process is as follows.
During metaphase I, homologous pairs together migrate to the equatorial plane, where they randomly aline with their kinetochores facing opposite poles. The random arrangement of tetrads is different in every cell going through the meiosis process. There is no equal alinement between two cells. When tetrads aline in the equatorial plane, there is no predetermined order for each of the homologous chromosomes of each tetrad to face one of the poles and then migrate to it while separating. Any chromosome of the homologous pair might face any of the poles and then migrate to it. Each of the chromosomes has two possibilities for orientation at the plane. During anaphase I, each of the homologous chromosomes migrate to the corresponding pole. When the new haploid cells are formed, the number of variations in each cell is also different and depends on the chromosomes that form that cell. This random order in the equatorial plane is what introduces variation into the gametes. It is almost impossible that two gametes resulting from meiosis will get the same genetic charge.
