I will go with religion because Religion to me have been the oldest of all the option given. It is the only thing that connect the world.
Mansa Musa was king of the Kingdom of Mali from 1312 to 1337. He annexed the important cities of Timbuktu and Gao to his kingdom. He also built many mosques around Mali and made Islam a state religion.
It is alleged that during his reign, the Kingdom of Mali held more than half of the world’s gold and Musa was fabulously rich. In a European map from 1375, Mali is symbolized by a king holding a scepter in one hand and a large piece of gold in the other. The information about him comes from Arab chroniclers who described Mansa Musa as the strongest, richest, most feared, and capable of doing good to his loved ones among all West African leaders.
He expanded the empire and introduced a common legislative and trade system and is considered one of Africa's greatest statesmen and even the richest of all time.
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The european started to embrace the islamic teaching in the late 20th centuries.
If we're solely talking about the 700s Period, the answer would be : They wee threatened by it and sought to stop it
Back then, they believe that the islamic expansion would bring a huge threat for their current religious system
hope this helps
I think its C...lots of that kinda stuff was done in the attempt to stop communistic spread of influence.