The Republic of Hawaiʻi was a short-lived one-party state in Hawaiʻi between July 4, 1894, when the Provisional Government of Hawaii had ended, and August 12, 1898, when it became annexed by the United States as an organized incorporated territory of the United States. In 1893 the Committee of Public Safety overthrew Kingdom of Hawaii Queen Liliʻuokalani after she rejected the 1887 Bayonet Constitution. The Committee of Public Safety intended for Hawaii to be annexed by the United States but President Grover Cleveland, a Democrat opposed to imperialism, refused. A new constitution was subsequently written while Hawaii was being prepared for annexation.
The leaders of the Republic such as Sanford B. Dole and Lorrin A. Thurston were Hawaii-born descendants of American settlers who spoke the Hawaiian language but had strong financial, political, and family ties to the United States. They intended the Republic to become a territory of the United States. Dole was a former member of the Royal Legislature from Koloa, Kauai, and Justice of the Kingdom's Supreme Court, and he appointed Thurston—who had served as Minister of Interior under King Kalākaua—to lead a lobbying effort in Washington, D.C. to secure Hawaii's annexation by the United States. The issue of overseas imperialism was controversial in the United States due to its colonial origins. Hawaii was annexed under Republican President William McKinley on 12 August 1898, during the Spanish–American War. The Territory of Hawaii was formally established as part of the U.S. on June 14, 1900.
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Exploration of South America
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On his second trip, Vespucci mainly traveled and explored South America, giving names for the Amazon river, and the so called "Gulf of Ganges". Vespucci thought he was in Asia at the time, but was still naming things in South America.
John Jay was the first chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, Patriot, diplomat, one of the Founding Fathers, signatory to the Treaty of Paris in 1783, and the second Governor of New York.
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James Monroe was Jefferson's law student. Madison made Monroe his secretary of State and they were in the Republican democrat party. They disagreed on things but still were good friends. Monroe disagreed with Madison about giving too much power to the federal government.
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