A lot of these words are derived from the Greek or Latin roots that mean what the word is used to mean in English. It's helpful to look up the etymology or understand what these roots mean because they come up all the time and in different combinations. This way you can look at a word you've never seen before and know what it means by breaking it down into its component parts.
1. Surgical puncture to remove fluid = centesis
2. Inflammation = itis
3. Abnormal hardening = sclerosis
4. Surgical removal = ectomy
5. Vomit = emesis
6. Infection = sepsis
7. Involuntary contraction = spasm
8. Surgical opening = stomy
9. Specialist in = ologist
10. Process of recording = graphy
11. Instrument that records = graph
12. Oxygen = oxia
13. Seizure attack = ictal
14. Paralysis = plegia
15. Surgical repair = plasty
16. Disease = pathy
17. Study of = logy
18. Tumor = oma
19. Enlargement = megaly
20. Breathing = pnea
21. Malignant tumor = sarcoma
22. Narrowing = stenosis
23. Swallowing or eating = phagia
Rhinoplasty = surgical repair of the nose
Ateriosclerosis = abnormal hardening of the arteries
Neuropathy = disease of the nervous system
Postictal = after a seizure attack