ATP is not generated directly in the citric acid cycle. Instead, an intermediate is first generated by substrate-level phosphorylation. The intermediate is GTP.
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What is GTP?</h3>
- A purine nucleoside triphosphate is guanosine-5'-triphosphate.
- It serves as one of the components necessary for the creation of RNA during transcription.
- The main distinction between its structure and that of the guanosine nucleoside is the presence of phosphates on the ribose sugar of nucleotides like GTP.
- Also known as guanosine triphosphate, this energy-dense nucleotide is similar to ATP and is made up of guanine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.
- It is required for the creation of peptide bonds during protein synthesis.
- Adenine nitrogenous base, sugar ribose, and triphosphate make up ATP, a nucleoside triphosphate, whereas guanine nitrogenous base, sugar ribose, and triphosphate make up GTP.
- This is the main distinction between the two compounds.
- The alpha-guanosine subunit's diphosphate (GDP) is converted into guanosine triphosphate (GTP), and the GTP-bound alpha-subunit subsequently separates from the beta- and gamma-subunits.
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The global air temperature increases after the volcanic eruptions. It has also been observed that this increase in air temperature causes lowered winter seasons, acid rain, haze, dust, and ash. This causes problems in breathing and other disorders in humans as well as animals.
Answer:
680
Explanation:
When the P680 special pair of photosystem II absorbs energy, it enters an excited (high-energy) state. Excited P680 is a good electron donor and can transfer its excited electron to the primary electron acceptor, pheophytin.
Yes it can!
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Answer:
Three proteins directly contribute to the proton gradient by moving protons across the membrane
Explanation:
The Electron transport chain is a group of proteins and molecules incrusted in the internal mitochondrial membrane and organized into four complexes, I, II, III, and IV. These complexes contain the electron transporters and the enzymes necessary to catalyze the electron transference from one complex to the other. Complex I contains the flavine mononucleotide -FMN- that receives electrons from the NADH. The coenzyme Q, located in the lipidic interior of the membrane, conducts electrons from complex I and II to complex III. The complex III contains cytochrome b, from where electrons go to cytochrome c, which is a peripheric membrane protein. Electrons travel from cytochrome c to cytochromes a and a3, located in the complex IV. Finally, they go back to the matrix, where they combine to H+ ions and oxygen, to form the water molecule. As electrons are transported through the chain, protons are bombed through three proteinic complexes from the matrix to the intermembrane space. These are complexes I, III and IV.
