The conditioned reinforcers known as tokens can be accumulated and traded for different reinforcers.
Any two suitable examples, such as a compliment, an invitation to dinner, the presence of a loved one, or a warm greeting are all suitable examples. These are all conditioned reinforcers since they are connected to stronger reinforcers. They cannot be accumulated and swapped for different backup reinforcers, hence they cannot be considered tokens.
What is backup reinforcer?
Backup reinforce is a reinforcer that serves as the foundation for a conditioned reinforcer. It is a reinforcer in a token system for which tokens can be traded in order to keep their reinforcing properties. For instance, poker chips can be converted into cash at the conclusion of a game of poker. The money serves as a secondary reinforcer in this situation. It is allowed to use any two relevant examples.
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B) left ventricle → left atrium → pulmonary artery
Answer:
This question includes some errors, the question should be written as:
The medulla oblongata controls the contraction and relaxation of the ______ causing the lungs to inflate and deflate during breathing.
Although there are no options, the answer is generally RESPIRATORY MUSCLES i.e. diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Explanation:
Breathing is an involuntary action required to take place in order to get oxygen into the system and carbon dioxide out of the system. However, the process of breathing is neurally controlled by brain portion called RESPIRATORY CONTROL CENTERS.
The Medulla oblongata located in the hindbrain is one of the two respiratory control centers (the other being the PONS). The medulla sends nerve signals to the muscles responsible for bringing about the ventilation process i.e. the DIAPHRAGM and INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.
This nerve impulse brings about the contraction of the diaphragm, which is the major respiratory muscle, and intercostal muscle causing the lungs to inflate and allow the entry of oxygen-containing air. On the other hand, it also brings about the relaxation of these muscles causing the lungs to deflate allowing the expelling of air.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
A windmill’s blades move from the blowing wind. The movement of the blades represents kinetic energy.
The visible light that allows people to see where they are going describes radiant energy.
<u>Explanation:
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An object possesses an energy due to its motion is referred as kinetic energy. Whereas energy due to position of an objects called potential energy.
When the wind blows, its blade catches kinetic energy and rotate to transform into mechanical energy. Hence, the blade's rotation denotes kinetic energy.
Radiant energy is simply energy transmitted by waves or sometimes by particles. It is energy emitted by electromagnetic radiation. It is also a kind of kinetic energy.
Because particles move when they move light, heat and radiation from one source to another. Therefore, Radiant energy denotes when visible light permits people to see where they go.
