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13. both donor DNA and vector DNA are digested with the use of a restriction enzyme that produces sticky ends and then mixed in a test tube to allow the sticky ends of vector and donor DNA to bind to each other and form recombinant molecules.
14. Because all DNA fragments have the same amount of charge per mass, small fragments move through the gel faster than large ones.
15. Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments according to their size. DNA samples are loaded into wells at one end of a gel, and an electric current is applied to pull them through the gel.
16. DNA is colorless, so adding tracking dyes to a sample helps you determine the rate of movement of different size protein molecules in the gel during electrophoresis.
17. (A)The function of Taq DNA polymerase in PCR reaction is to amplify the DNA for the production of multiple copies of it (B) Taq polymerase can only make DNA if it's given a primer, a short sequence of nucleotides that provides a starting point for DNA synthesis (C) Primers are the strands of DNA that serve as this initial foundation for the DNA replication process, and they are used to demarcate the segment of the DNA template to be amplified
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