Answer:
D)all of the above
Explanation:
All these are due to increase the producer surplus rather than consumer surplus. Now let's look what these variants actually mean:
1) Price discrimination is a price policy in which at the same moment the same product or service is sold to different customers at different prices, and this difference in price is not justified by the different costs of producing this product or service.
Types of price discrimination according to the classification types of seller behavior:
-Individual discrimination (seller selects individual buyers)
-Group discrimination (seller identifies groups of buyers)
-Product discrimination (seller selects individual products)
2) In industrial economics, the two-tier tariff (or two-part tariff) is a price made up of a fixed part (a subscription or a franchise) and a part proportional to the quantity of goods purchased. The binomial tariff is widely used in industrial organization because it constitutes the simplest case of price which is not linear compared to the quantity of goods purchased. Furthermore, it can be shown that when the information is not too incomplete, it allows a principal to avoid the problem of double marginalization (the fact that an economic agent in a monopoly situation sets a higher price than that resulting from the confrontation of supply and demand in perfect competition, which allows it to maximize its profit.
3)Bundling is a bundle consisting of several products sold as a unit. Especially common in the gaming industry.
Typical and most popular bundles are the so-called game kits:
-Game console + video game
- Video card (or motherboard) + computer game
A set of games sold as a unit by a set at a fixed price, or by the principle “Pay what you want” for a limited time.
In customs practice, the concept of bundles is used to refer to packaging (place) in a container. Then it can be a box (box), a pallet of goods or a bundle. Usually a bundle is an indivisible part, united either by a box (bag, box) or fixed on a pallet.
