Answer:
B- Photosynthesis
Explanation:
Chloroplasts are <em>chlorophyll-containing, eukaryotic cell structures</em> that function in photosynthesis by absorbing energy from sunlight, combining this energy with water and CO2 to convert them to sugars . This cell structure is known as a plastid. The sugars produced, are important for the survival of the plant.
Chloroplasts reproduce on their own, independent of the whole cell because they contain their own DNA. Plant chloroplasts are located in guard cells in plant leaves. Closely linked to these guard cells are tiny pores called stomata, which allow gas exchange required for photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis occurs in two stages:
- The light reaction stage
- The dark reaction stage
The Light reaction stage takes place in the presence of light. Clorophyll converts light into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. Both molecules produced, are used in the dark stage to produce sugar.
In the dark reaction stage, the stroma, containing enzymes, facilitates reactions leading to the production of sugars from ATP and NADPH. This process is also called the carbon fixation stage. The sugar produced can be stored in the form of starch for other processes such as respiration.
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Answer:
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Explanation:
The sequential pathway of a protein from it first starts to be translated to its release from the cell is cytosol > ER > Golgi > vesicle > plasma membrane > external environment. These proteins are synthesized in the ribosomes.
The exported proteins are synthesized (i.e., translated) in the ribosomes of the cytosol that bound to the endoplasmic reticulum in order to enter into the endomembrane system.
Subsequently, extracellular proteins undergo processing in the Golgi apparatus, which is connected to the rough RE by transport vesicles.
Finally, these proteins pass through transport vesicles in order to be exported from the cell by endocytosis.
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